One of the oldest species of insects to prey upon man is the Cimes  lectularious otherwise known as the bed bug.  Bed bugs likely got the name  from their habit of occupying beds, sofas, and other items used for  sleeping.  This practice is the result of being an ectoparasite of primary  humans, coupled with the fact that bed bugs are nocturnal.  This situation  provides the shelter that bed bugs seek during the day, but also enables  them to conveniently feed upon unsuspecting humans while they sleep.  Although the bed bug has existed here long before colonial times, they  were once made nearly extinct through the use of effective pesticides which  also proved beneficial against mosquitoes and lice.  Indeed, many of  today's generation have seen a bed bug.  However, due to an array of health issues, many pesticides were banned in  the U.S. during the  1970's and 1980's, including DDT and Chlordane, even  though these pests were quite common around many parts of the world,  such as Africa, Asia, and Central and South America.                                                   At the same time, international travel was becoming increasingly  accessible and affordable. Hence, the bed bug not only managed to survive,  but has been returning in number with a vengeance since the 1980's.  Magnified Close-Ups Adult bed bugs are about 3/16th of an inch (4-5 mm) in size.  They are oval  and flat in shape which enables them to easily hide in cracks and crevices.  They are rust-brown in color and turn reddish-brown after feeding.  Bed bugs typically thrive in close proximity to each other and as a result,  these “communes” often omit a sweet but obnoxious “buggy” odor.  Additionally, blood spotting on mattresses, sofas, and other furnishings are  an indication of a bed bug infestation.  Bed bugs are among the “blood feeder” groups of insects.  Humans are the  preferred host of bed bugs.  Bed bugs have been found to be infected with as many as 25 different  disease organisms, however there is no conclusive evidence that they have  the ability to actually transmit disease to humans.  Although bed bug bites are painless, most people (80%) have an allergic  reaction to the saliva that these insects inject while feeding.  This routinely  results in mild swelling of the affected area, while red patches and severe  swelling beyond the immediate bite area can occur in sensitive individuals.  Since bed bugs thrive in hotels, airports, theaters, dormitories and other  public places, it is important to inspect clothing and luggage for fecal spots  and other signs of bed bugs prior to returning home.  The same should be  done before accepting used clothing, furniture, and bedding apparel.   Additionally, sealing cracks and small openings to prevent bats, birds, and  rodents from gaining entry into the home can ensure against bed bug  infestation since these serve as alternative hosts in the absence of humans.  Finally, routine vacuuming of mattresses and all-around good  housekeeping practices can help safeguard against bed bugs.  Effective bed bug treatment begins with a thorough inspection of the  premises.  That’s because bed bugs have the ability to exist under  mattresses, bed frames, and other household furniture, as well as  floorboards, molding, drapery, behind loose wallpaper, and a myriad of  cracks and crevices within the home.  Once all infested areas have been identified, an approved insecticide  possessing residual properties similar to those used in cockroach treatment  should be applied.  Lastly, a return service involving a follow up inspection and possible  treatment is not uncommon when bed bug eradication involves public  domains or heavy residential infestations.  The fact is, effective bed bug treatment can be complicated and is almost  always labor intensive. For these reasons consulting an experienced  professional to eliminate a bed bug infestation is strongly recommended.  Experts concur: Source: University of Kentucky Source: Medicine.Net Source: University of Florida “It is not advisable for homeowners to attempt to treat for bed bugs.  Most of the necessary insecticides are  not only for sale to and use by professional pest-management companies.  If homeowners try to control  these bugs with over-the-counter products, the bed bugs likely will become dispersed, resulting in a more  difficult treatment at a later date.” Source: Medicine.Net Source: University of Kentucky Sofa Infestation  Bed Bug Spotting (Box Spring Fabric) Carpet Infestation Mattress Seams Source: Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln Bed Bug Colony    Before & After Feeding
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